714 research outputs found
Characterization of the Imaging Performance of the Simultaneously Counting and Integrating X-ray Detector CIX
The CIX detector is a direct converting hybrid pixel detector designed for medical X-ray imaging applications. Its defining feature is the simultaneous operation of a photon counter as well as an integrator in every pixel cell. This novel approach offers a dynamic range of more than five orders of magnitude, as well as the ability to directly obtain the average photon energy from the measured data. Several CIX 0.2 ASICs have been successfully connected to CdTe, CdZnTe and Si sensors. These detector modules were tested with respect to the imaging performance of the simultaneously counting and integrating concept under X-ray irradiation. Apart from a characterization of the intrinsic benefits of the CIX concept, the sensor performance was also investigated. Here, the two parallel signal processing concepts offer valuable insights into material related effects like polarization and temporal response. The impact of interpixel coupling effects like charge-sharing, Compton scattering and X-ray uorescence was evaluated through simulations and measurements
Viewpoint: Microwave quantum states beat the heat
From microwave ovens to satellite television to the GPS and data services on our mobile phones, microwave technology is everywhere today. But one technology that has so far failed to prove its worth in this wavelength regime is quantum communication that uses the states of single photons as information carriers. This is because single microwave photons, as opposed to classical microwave signals, are extremely vulnerable to noise from thermal excitations in the channels through which they travel. Two new independent studies, one by Ze-Liang Xiang at Technische Universität Wien (Vienna), Austria, and colleagues [1] and another by Benoît Vermersch at the University of Innsbruck, also in Austria, and colleagues [2] now describe a theoretical protocol for microwave quantum communication that is resilient to thermal and other types of noise. Their approach could become a powerful technique to establish fast links between superconducting data processors in a future all-microwave quantum network
Modeling Scientists as Agents. How Scientists Cope with the Challenges of the New Public Management of Science
The paper at hand applies agent-based modeling and simulations (ABMS) as a tool to reconstruct and to analyze how the science system works. A Luhmannian systems perspective is combined with a model of decision making of individual actors. Additionally, changes in the socio-political context of science, such as the introduction of „new public management\", are considered as factors affecting the functionality of the system as well as the decisions of individual scientists (e.g. where to publish their papers). Computer simulation helps to understand the complex interplay of developments at the macro (system) and the micro (actor) level.Systems Theory, Theory of Action and Decision Making, Academic Publication System, Science System, New Public Management, Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation
Entanglement-enhanced optical gyroscope
Fiber optic gyroscopes (FOG) based on the Sagnac effect are a valuable tool
in sensing and navigation and enable accurate measurements in applications
ranging from spacecraft and aircraft to self-driving vehicles such as
autonomous cars. As with any classical optical sensors, the ultimate
performance of these devices is bounded by the standard quantum limit (SQL).
Quantum-enhanced interferometry allows us to overcome this limit using
non-classical states of light. Here, we report on an entangled-photon gyroscope
that uses path-entangled NOON-states (N=2) to provide phase supersensitivity
beyond the standard-quantum-limit
Twisted Light Transmission over 143 kilometers
Spatial modes of light can potentially carry a vast amount of information,
making them promising candidates for both classical and quantum communication.
However, the distribution of such modes over large distances remains difficult.
Intermodal coupling complicates their use with common fibers, while free-space
transmission is thought to be strongly influenced by atmospheric turbulence.
Here we show the transmission of orbital angular momentum modes of light over a
distance of 143 kilometers between two Canary Islands, which is 50 times
greater than the maximum distance achieved previously. As a demonstration of
the transmission quality, we use superpositions of these modes to encode a
short message. At the receiver, an artificial neural network is used for
distinguishing between the different twisted light superpositions. The
algorithm is able to identify different mode superpositions with an accuracy of
more than 80% up to the third mode order, and decode the transmitted message
with an error rate of 8.33%. Using our data, we estimate that the distribution
of orbital angular momentum entanglement over more than 100 kilometers of free
space is feasible. Moreover, the quality of our free-space link can be further
improved by the use of state-of-the-art adaptive optics systems.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
Microwave quantum illumination using a digital receiver
Quantum illumination is a powerful sensing technique that employs entangled signal-idler photon pairs to boost the detection efficiency of low-reflectivity objects in environments with bright thermal noise. The promised advantage over classical strategies is particularly evident at low signal powers, a feature which could make the protocol an ideal prototype for non-invasive biomedical scanning or low-power short-range radar. In this work we experimentally investigate the concept of quantum illumination at microwave frequencies. We generate entangled fields using a Josephson parametric converter to illuminate a room-temperature object at a distance of 1 meter in a free-space detection setup. We implement a digital phase conjugate receiver based on linear quadrature measurements that outperforms a symmetric classical noise radar in the same conditions despite the entanglement-breaking signal path. Starting from experimental data, we also simulate the case of perfect idler photon number detection, which results in a quantum advantage compared to the relative classical benchmark. Our results highlight the opportunities and challenges on the way towards a first room-temperature application of microwave quantum circuits
Linear and nonlinear capacitive coupling of electro-opto-mechanical photonic crystal cavities
We fabricate and characterize a microscale silicon electro-opto-mechanical
system whose mechanical motion is coupled capacitively to an electrical circuit
and optically via radiation pressure to a photonic crystal cavity. To achieve
large electromechanical interaction strength, we implement an inverse shadow
mask fabrication scheme which obtains capacitor gaps as small as 30 nm while
maintaining a silicon surface quality necessary for minimizing optical loss.
Using the sensitive optical read-out of the photonic crystal cavity, we
characterize the linear and nonlinear capacitive coupling to the fundamental 63
MHz in-plane flexural motion of the structure, showing that the large
electromechanical coupling in such devices may be suitable for realizing
efficient microwave-to-optical signal conversion.Comment: 8 papers, 4 figure
- …